Benzene nitration: validation of heterogeneous reaction models
نویسندگان
چکیده
The film and the Danckwerts penetration models were used to model the heterogeneous liquid–liquid reaction of benzene nitration. Analytical solutions were developed for both models considering a pseudo-first order reaction. Models were confronted with experimental results showing good predictions in the intermediate reaction regime (0.3<Ha< 2). Profiles of both models were evaluated confirming similarities and identical approximate behaviours. Therefore, both models seem adequate to model industrial systems operating mostly in this intermediate reaction regime, although the film model allows a simpler mathematical treatment. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
منابع مشابه
Nitration Ortho Dihydroxyl Benzene (Catechol) Using Bismuth Nitrate on the Solid Phase Montmorillonite
Nitro catechols via 2 hydroxyl group and a nitro group have a wide range of functions including reagents form stable complexes with more than 40 elements in the fields of analytical chemistry, biochemistry, coordination chemistry, environmental chemistry, atrium exploration, organic chemistry, pharmacy, etc. Moreover, the nitro to amine recovery has a potential function in different fields. In ...
متن کاملSelective Oxidation of Cyclohexene, Toluene and Ethyl Benzene Catalyzed by Bis-(L-tyrosinato)copper(II), Immersed in a Magnetite-Infused Silica Matrix
Bis-(L-tyrosinato)copper(II) was reacted with 3-(chloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane functionalized silica that has infused magnetite to yield a magnetically separable catalyst in which the copper carboxylate is covalently linked to the silica matrix through the silane linkage. The immobilized catalyst has been characterized by spectroscopic studies (such as FT-IR, EPR, Magnetic Measurement...
متن کاملRate of Nitration of Benzene with Mixed Acid
The rates of nitration of benzene by nitric acid in mixed acid to produce mononitrobenzene have been measured in well-emulsified reaction mixtures in the temperature range from 34’ to 54°C. The acid-phase compositions ranged from 1.6 mole % nitric acid and 27 mole % sulfuric acid to 35 mole % nitric acid and zero % sulfuric acid; the organicphase composition ranged from 4 to 95 mole ’ % benzene...
متن کاملThe Synthesis of 2, 6 diamino- 3, 5-dinitropyridine from Direct Nitration Reaction of 2, 6 diamino pyridine in Different Temperature Conditions by Density Functional Theory
In this article, synthesis of the explosive 2, 6 (diamino) 3, 5 dinitro pyridine (ANPY) of the direct nitration reaction of 2, 6 diamino pyridine in different conditions of temperature, with density functional theory method were studied. For this purpose, at first the material contained in the both sides of reaction were geometrically optimized, then the calculation of the the...
متن کاملElectron Transfer in Electrophilic Aromatic Nitration and Nitrosation: Computational Evidence for the Marcus Inverted Region.
Electrophilic aromatic nitrosation and nitration are among the most important electron transfer (ET) reactions. According to the electron transfer theory, an ET process can be described with two electron-localized diabatic states, and the electronic coupling between these two states, together with the organization energy and reaction energy, determine the ET efficiency. A proper definition of t...
متن کامل